20.1.- CULTURAL AND LEISURE AGENDA

CONCERTS & SHOWS
CARTUJA CENTER: c/ Leonardo da Vinci, 7
ESTADIO DE LA CARTUJA: c/ Isla de la Cartuja, s/n
SALA FUNDICIÓN: c/ La Habana, 18
SALA CUSTOM: c/ Metalurgia, 25 - Pol. Ind. Calonge
SALA MALANDAR: c/ Torneo, 43
SALA FANATIC: c/ de las Herramientas, 35
SALA EVEN: c/ José Díaz, 5
SALA X: c/ José Díaz, 7
TEATRO DE LA MAESTRANZA: Paseo de Cristóbal Colón, 22
FIBES (PALACIO DE CONGRESOS Y EXPOSICIONES): Avenida Alcalde Luis Uruñuela, 1
CAIXAFORUM: c/ López Pintado, s/n. Comercial Center Torre Sevilla

15.7.- SEISES OF SEVILLE: A CENTENNIAL TRADITION IN THE CATHEDRAL

Seville, the city of orange trees and ceramic tiles, harbors one of the most enchanting and captivating spectacles within the majestic Cathedral. During the eight days following the Corpus Christi celebration and in the octave week of the Immaculate Conception, the "seises" take the stage. This group, whose costumes and songs transport us to the 16th century, forms a wonderful ensemble of singing and dancing, carrying with them a history that dates back to time immemorial.

The story of the "seises" is woven into the annals of the Cathedral since 1439 when they were known as "niños cantorcillos" (singing children) and "mozos del coro" (choir boys). Their official regulations date back to 1508. Initially, these young artists dressed as shepherds, wearing outfits that exuded the simplicity and innocence of their youth. Over time, their attire evolved into exquisite pageboy costumes reminiscent of the Austrias court, featuring snug doublets, short breeches, white stockings, and hats adorned with feathers.

The name "seise" is a phonetic modification, through Andalusian "seseo," of the Old Spanish word "seize," meaning sixteen. Thus, initially, the "seises" were undoubtedly a group of sixteen children, although their number has been reduced in modern times.

The music and dances of the "seises" evolved over the centuries, transforming from medieval carols to complex musical compositions accompanied by organ and orchestra. Their repertoire reflects the taste and sensibility of each era, always maintaining a slow and solemn rhythm that adds an aura of grace and reverence to their performance.

Despite their undeniable beauty and solemnity, the tradition of the "seises" was not always universally accepted. Some archbishops attempted to suppress this practice, but the Cathedral Chapter, backed by papal bulls, bravely defended this rich cultural heritage. Even when popes intervened to keep the tradition alive, the condition was imposed that the existing costumes could not be replaced by new ones, leading to ingenious repairs and patchworks to preserve this unparalleled tradition.

In addition to their role in religious ceremonies, the "seises" participate in significant processions, bringing their grace and devotion to the streets of Seville. Their presence during the Corpus procession, where they dance and sing in front of the Custodia, is particularly moving, becoming a living testimony to the city's rich history and spirituality.

The influence of the "seises" extends even beyond the Cathedral's boundaries. Thanks to them, the celestial blue color became the official liturgical tone for the Virgin's festivities throughout Christendom, a tribute to the grace and beauty these young artists bring to the Catholic faith.

The "seises" of Seville are more than mere dancers; they are guardians of a centuries-old tradition, bearers of the very essence of Seville, and witnesses to the devotion and elegance that define this city as truly unique in the world. With every step they take and every note they sing, the "seises" remind us of the importance of preserving and celebrating our cultural roots, turning Seville into a truly magical and eternal place.

15.6. - EL CID CAMPEADOR: THE LEGEND OF RODRIGO DIAZ DE VIVAR

In the splendid medieval era, when the Iberian Peninsula was imbued with stories of knights and heroes, one figure stood out with his own brilliance. His name was Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, but for posterity, he would be forever known as El Cid Campeador.

The story takes us to a time when the coexistence of cultures and diplomacy were essential for the survival of kingdoms. In this context, King Almotamid of Seville and Don Alfonso VI of Castile maintained a precarious but necessary alliance. Each year, Seville paid tribute in the form of "parias" to Castile in exchange for protection and peace on its borders. Ten quintals of coined silver, ten mules, and ten horses were sent as part of this agreement.

On the other end of this story was Rodrigo Díaz, a young knight of just eighteen years, whose courage and sense of honor had made him a legend. His most famous feat was a fatal duel with Count Lozano, who dared to offend his elderly father. This act of bravery earned him fame and the love of Jimena Lozano, the count's daughter, who chose him as her husband. Thus, Rodrigo became one of Castile's most distinguished champions.

Fate had a surprising twist in store for Rodrigo. In the year 1082, King Alfonso VI sent him to Seville to collect the annual "parias." Rodrigo, accompanied by a hundred brave knights, was received with honors at Almotamid's court and stayed in the splendid summer Alcazar.

While Rodrigo enjoyed Seville's hospitality, news of a Muslim invasion reached the city. King Almotamid asked Rodrigo for help, and he did not hesitate to fulfill his duty. He marched with his hundred knights to face the invading army.

In a skillful war maneuver known as the "tornada castellana," Rodrigo defeated the enemy, capturing the counts of Barcelona, Aragon, and Navarre. He kept his promise and tore off the beard of the Count of Barcelona as a trophy.

However, he faced an ethical and political dilemma. What to do with the Christian prisoners? Despite his victory, Rodrigo released the Christian counts with the promise not to fight against Castile or its allies. This decision demonstrated his profound sense of chivalrous morality.

Rodrigo's triumphant return to Seville was acclaimed by the people, who baptized him "Sidi Rodrigo" in Arabic and "Campi doctor" in Latin, paying tribute to his wisdom in pitched battles. From that day forth, Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar became El Cid Campeador, a living legend that endures in the annals of history.

The feat of El Cid Campeador in Seville is just one of the many exploits that forged his legend. His life is filled with adventures, bravery, and honor, making him an icon of the Middle Ages and an endless source of inspiration for generations to come. His story serves as a reminder that honor and valor can overcome all obstacles and that, sometimes, an eighteen-year-old can change the course of history.

In Seville, you can find a statue of El Cid Campeador on his horse "Babieca" on Avenida del Cid, in front of the Rectorate, very close to Maria Luisa Park and Plaza de España, with the following inscription: "EL CAMPEADOR, A TERRIBLE CALAMITY FOR ISLAM, WAS, THROUGH THE MANLY FIRMNESS OF HIS CHARACTER AND HIS HEROIC ENERGY, ONE OF THE MIRACLES OF THE CREATOR" Ibn Bassam, a 12th-century Muslim writer and historian.

15.5. - THE THREE OLDEST IMAGES IN SEVILLE: TREASURES OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY

The city of Seville is known for its rich religious history and devotion to the Virgin Mary. While the most famous and venerated images are the Immaculates by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo and processional sculptures like the Esperanza Macarena and Esperanza de Triana, Seville also harbors lesser-known but impressively ancient treasures.

Nuestra Señora de la Antigua:
Nestled in the Seville Cathedral is an ancient mural painting: Nuestra Señora de la Antigua. According to tradition, this work dates back to the Visigothic period, making it the oldest representation of the Virgin Mary in Spain. During Muslim rule, Christianity in Seville persisted, and this community maintained their faith in six parishes, including the one housing the Virgin of the Antigua. When the Great Mosque was constructed on that site, Christians walled up the mural Virgin to protect it. After the Reconquista, the painting was discovered and moved to its current location in the Chapel of the Virgin of the Antigua. During the Middle Ages, this image inspired deep devotion, and Spanish sailors and soldiers would bid farewell to her before embarking on journeys to the Americas.

Nuestra Señora del Coral:
The Virgin of the Coral is another ancient Visigothic image that received devotion in the parish of San Bartolomé during the Muslim era and is now housed in the church of San Ildefonso. According to tradition, this image was painted by a monk named Eustaquio in the 7th century. This tradition might hold true, as in the same temple, there is a plaque dated to the year 612. The Virgin of the Coral, with her indescribable beauty, is visited daily by the people of Seville.

La Virgen de la Hiniesta:
In the 7th century, Bishop San Leandro of Seville, brother of San Isidoro, received several images of the Virgin as gifts from Pope Gregory the Great in Rome. One of these images, known as the Virgen de la Hiniesta, was venerated in the Cathedral of San Vicente. However, in the year 711, when the Arabs invaded the region, many religious images were removed from Seville to preserve them. The Virgen de la Hiniesta was taken to Valencia and then hidden in a cave near Cullera. Centuries later, a knight named Mosén Tous de Monsalve discovered the cave and the image, which had a scroll that read, "I am from Seville, from a temple located next to the Puerta de Córdoba." The image was returned to Seville and deposited in the parish of San Julián in 1380. Unfortunately, the original image was lost in a fire in 1931, but a copy made by the sculptor Antonio Castillo Lastrucci is venerated in its place. The Virgen de la Hiniesta is known as "The Gothic Virgin" to distinguish her from the Baroque Dolorosa also sculpted by the same author. The name "Hiniesta" comes from the Valencian word "giniesta," meaning broom, as the image was found near a broom that concealed the cave.

These three images represent treasures of Seville's religious history and bear witness to its continuous devotion over the centuries. The devotion and veneration of these images reveal the deep faith that has permeated this city for millennia.

15.4. - THE TRAGIC STORY OF SAINT HERMENEGILDO: IMPRISONMENT AND SACRIFICE IN SEVILLE

In the enigmatic Ronda de Capuchinos in Seville, there is a church named after San Hermenegildo. On its façade, a marble plaque declares that this place is "sanctified by the imprisonment and blood of San Hermenegildo." However, the reality is more complex and fascinating than this initial assertion. Join us on a journey through history to discover the life, religious beliefs, and tragic fate of San Hermenegildo, a pivotal figure in the religious evolution of medieval Spain.

Hermenegildo, the son of King Leovigildo and his first wife, Teodosia, was born in a time of religious tensions in the Iberian Peninsula. Despite his father being an Arian, a heterodox branch of Christianity, his mother was Catholic and raised Hermenegildo in this faith. Hermenegildo's choice to marry a Catholic princess, Ingunda, further solidified his commitment to Catholicism.

When Hermenegildo assumed the position of governor of the Betic region in Seville, he became a fervent defender of the Catholic faith. He attended church services at the cathedral and openly professed his faith at a time when Arianism was the official state religion.

The situation escalated when Leovigildo, furious at his son's religious disobedience, demanded that he adhere to Arianism in his official duties. Hermenegildo remained steadfast in his Catholic faith and publicly proclaimed that the official religion in the Betic region should be Catholic. Furthermore, he declared himself king of Spain, a direct challenge to his father's authority.

Hermenegildo's rebellion led to a religious civil war in the region. Leovigildo assembled a powerful army and marched on Seville, while Hermenegildo sought the support of the Byzantines to confront his father.

To prevent the Byzantines from coming to Hermenegildo's aid, Leovigildo executed a daring strategic maneuver. He diverted the course of the Guadalquivir River, which used to flow through the center of the city, into a new channel. This action blocked the Byzantine fleet's access to Seville and left Hermenegildo isolated.

After months of siege and dwindling resources, Hermenegildo surrendered and was taken captive. Leovigildo, upon seeing his son, felt a mixture of tenderness but his heart turned to anger when he realized that Hermenegildo still wore the royal insignia and the crown upon his head, defying his authority.

Hermenegildo was sentenced to death for treason against the state, the king, and the official religion. He was taken to Tarragona, where he faced his tragic fate. The prison warden, named Sisberto, beheaded him, bringing an end to the life of a man whose steadfastness in his religious beliefs left an indelible mark on the history of Seville and Spain.

The story of San Hermenegildo is a narrative of struggle and sacrifice in the midst of intense religious and familial tensions. His martyrdom in Seville serves as a reminder of the importance of faith and determination in times of adversity. Although his blood was not shed in the place that bears his name, his legacy endures as a symbol of religious conviction in the rich history of this Andalusian city.

15.3. - DECIPHERING THE TRADITION OF THE PATRONESS OF SEVILLE

In the rich tradition of this Spanish city, stories, legends, and beliefs have been woven over the centuries around various revered figures as patrons. From the Virgin of Hiniesta to the Virgin of the Kings, each has its own history and devotion deeply rooted in the community. But which one is the true patroness of Seville?

To shed light on this enigma, it's crucial to delve into history and trace the origins of the Christian community in Seville. Historical records from the Parish Church of San Vicente reveal fascinating details that help us better understand this intricate tradition.

Centuries ago, the apostle James set out from Rome to Spain, arriving in Seville to begin his evangelizing mission. Here, he established a small group of believers and appointed a pious man named Pius as his bishop. Pius, a skilled sculptor by profession, born in Massia, became a spiritual leader in the nascent Christian community of Seville.

However, the story takes an unexpected turn when James and Pius venture north to Zaragoza to continue their evangelizing mission. In a moment of despair, the Virgin Mary appears to both of them, standing on a stone column in a vision that would change the course of history. This revelation inspired James to entrust Pius with the creation of an image that would represent the Virgin Mary as they had seen her. This image, crafted from baked clay by the skilled sculptor, became the first representation of the Virgin in Seville and was placed in the city's first Christian church, which was likely located on Fray Isidoro Street.

Over the centuries, the image of the Virgin of the Pillar, the patroness of Seville, was transferred to the Basilica of San Vicente. However, during the Arab occupation in 711, this revered image disappeared, and its fate remains uncertain to this day.

Following the Reconquista of Seville by King San Fernando, the cathedral was erected, and a new image of Our Lady, called Santa Maria de la Sede, became the patroness of the episcopal see. Justa and Rufina, two Sevillian martyrs, were designated as co-patrons of Seville during that time.

In the 17th century, the story takes another turn with the discovery of an image in the Kingdom of Aragon, which was later identified as Our Lady of Hiniesta. This image was honored by the Seville City Council, becoming the patroness of the Municipal Corporation.

Finally, in the 20th century, Cardinal Don Pedro Segura y Sáenz designated the Virgin of the Kings as the Patroness of the Archdiocese of Seville, distinguishing her from the city's patroness.

So, in summary, the rich tradition of Seville presents us with multiple patronesses, each with its own history and devotion. The Virgin of the Pillar is the patroness of the city, accompanied by the holy martyrs Justa and Rufina. The Virgin of Hiniesta is the patroness of the Municipal Corporation, while Our Lady of the Sede presides over the cathedral. Finally, Our Lady of the Kings is the patroness of the Archdiocese of Seville.

In Seville, faith and devotion to these revered figures have forged a tradition that remains alive and continues to enrich itself over time. Each of these images is a beacon of hope and spirituality for the Sevillians, a testament to their deep connection to their history and faith.

15.2. - THE TREASURE OF EL CARAMBOLO: THE SOLVED ENIGMA OF THE TARTESSIANS

The history of the Tartessians, the ancient inhabitants of the Seville region, is as fascinating as it is mysterious. In particular, one legend stands out among the narratives of this ancient people: the legend of the Treasure of El Carambolo. This story dates back to ancient times and has baffled historians and archaeologists for centuries. Today, we invite you to discover the exciting tale behind this lost treasure and its surprising resolution.

The Tartessians, also known as Turdetanians, were the first inhabitants of the Seville region. Although their exact origins are a subject of debate, some clues suggest they had roots in India, adding an exotic touch to their history. These ancient settlers were known for their skill in mining and trade, especially with the Phoenicians, who had established a thriving trading post in Seville.

The Tartessians were known for supplying the Phoenicians with valuable products such as hides from fierce animals, bull leather, and copper from the Tharsis mines in Huelva. They also produced the coveted purple dye, extracted from the murex snails that populated the Atlantic coast. This prosperous export ensured the economic wealth of the Andalusian region and allowed its inhabitants to improve their living conditions.

However, the relationship between the Tartessians and the Phoenicians was not always harmonious. As the Phoenicians gained confidence in their commercial position, they attempted to exploit the Tartessians by reducing demand for their products, leading to an economic crisis in the region. Arganthonios, the Tartessian king of the time, intervened to defend his people, threatening to break the trade treaties that granted the Phoenicians a monopoly unless fair prices were restored. When the Phoenicians refused, conflict erupted.

Arganthonios decided to simultaneously attack the two main Phoenician trading posts, Cadiz and Seville, dividing his army into two. He led one half himself, while the other half was under the command of his son, Terion. However, the Phoenicians, far from remaining passive, launched a bold surprise attack on Tartessos, the capital of the Tartessians, which had been left unprotected.

In a fierce night, the Phoenicians hurled burning torches onto Tartessos, turning the city into a hell of flames. The population, mostly elderly, women, and children, tried to escape but was met at the city gates by armed Phoenicians. The city was razed, and its inhabitants annihilated.

Arganthonios's army, upon learning of the tragedy, rushed back to Tartessos but arrived too late. The city lay in ruins, and only a distressed crowd remained, having lost their loved ones and their home.

A single survivor managed to escape and reach Seville to deliver the news to Terion, the son of Arganthonios. Terion, devastated by the news, decided to avenge his people. Leading the Tartessians, he marched toward Seville. However, he knew that facing the Phoenicians would require cunning and valor.

Before the battle, Terion faced a dilemma. As the king, he was supposed to carry the royal insignia, but he had no wife to safeguard them, as customs dictated. In an act of bravery, Terion buried the royal jewels in a secret location, covering them with stones, intending to retrieve them after the battle.

The battle began at dawn, as the Phoenicians, tired and unprepared, were surprised by the attack. The Tartessians defeated them, and the Phoenician fleet burned in the Guadalquivir River.

However, the victory was bittersweet. Terion could not recover the royal jewels or rebuild Tartessos, as an arrow ended his life during the assault on Seville. The secret of the treasure's location was lost with him.

After the defeat of the Phoenicians in Seville, the Tartessian army conquered Cadiz. The Tartessians lived in peace for three hundred years, thriving in areas such as agriculture, livestock farming, and mining. Their high level of culture even attracted Greeks who arrived in Spain.

The enigma of the Treasure of El Carambolo remained unsolved for over two thousand years until, in 1956, laborers excavating at the Carambolo hill, between Seville and Castilleja de la Cuesta, found a clay jar. Breaking it open, they revealed the brilliant gold pieces that composed the Tartessian royal treasure. These jewels, known as the "Treasure of El Carambolo," are now displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Seville, putting an end to centuries of mystery and speculation.

The Treasure of El Carambolo is not only an invaluable archaeological gem but also a silent witness to a lost era in Seville's history. The legend of the Treasure of El Carambolo, finally solved, reminds us that the history of this city is full of buried secrets and exciting discoveries waiting to be revealed.

15.1. - HERCULES, THE LEGENDARY FOUNDER OF SEVILLE

When we think of legendary heroes from antiquity, figures like Hercules immediately come to mind. However, what many may not know is that this famous demigod also holds a prominent place in the history of the city of Seville. In this entry, we will explore the intriguing connection between Hercules and the founding of Seville.

Around 1000 B.C., intrepid Phoenician sailors arrived on the shores of what we now know as Spain. Navigating the Mediterranean Sea and learning from the civilizations they encountered in North Africa, the Phoenicians eventually founded a colony called Carthage, which means "New City." As they continued to explore, they approached the Strait of Gibraltar, although they initially feared crossing into the unknown Atlantic Ocean.

It was a brave navigator named Melkart who defied these fears and crossed the strait between the Rock of Gibraltar and the Rock of Calpe, venturing into the Atlantic. Following the coast northward, Melkart eventually reached the mouth of the Guadalquivir River and established a trading post in what is now known as Seville. This early Phoenician settlement was located in areas that today correspond to Plaza del Salvador, Cuesta del Rosario, and Plaza de la Pescadería. If one were to excavate these areas today, fragments of pottery and other remnants of this ancient Phoenician foundation are often discovered.

Melkart not only established the first trading post in Seville, which he called Hispalis (which in Phoenician appears to mean "plain by a river" or marsh), but he also gained a monopoly on the hides and leather from Andalusia. He likely taught the natives, known as Turdetani, to capture and kill the fierce bulls that inhabited the region, even subjecting King Turdetani Gerion to a shift in his primitive religion to the Egyptian faith.

From these events, the legend of Melkart was forged, who would later be known as Herakles and Hercules. The Egyptians and Phoenicians regarded him as a hero, saint, and god for daring to sail into the unknown and bringing a new religion to "savage" peoples. This mythological evolution is comparable to how Spanish explorers in America were considered heroes and saints for bringing Christianity to indigenous peoples.

Over time, poets and playwrights in Greece and Rome wove legends around the life of Hercules, creating myths like the "Twelve Labors of Hercules," symbolizing his feat of opening a passage between Africa and Spain by breaking through mountains, overcoming myths, and fears about the Atlantic Ocean. He was also attributed with the task of cleaning the stables of King Gerion and taming fierce bulls.

In Seville, Hercules is recognized as the city's founder, and his statue stands in prominent locations, including the Alameda de Hércules, named in his honor. The history of Seville is intrinsically linked to the mythological figure of Hercules, and his legacy endures in the identity and culture of this fascinating city.

So, the next time you visit Seville and see the statue of Hercules, remember that this legendary hero, defying the fears of the ocean, left an indelible mark on the history of this beautiful city on the banks of the Guadalquivir River.

"Hercules built me
Julius Caesar surrounded me
with high walls and towers
the holy king conquered me
with Garci Pérez de Vargas"

14.5.- THE GIRALDILLO: A SYMBOL OF FAITH, HOPE, AND TRIUMPH

In the heart of the picturesque city of Seville stands a monument that not only represents the rich history of the region but also encapsulates powerful symbols of faith, hope, and victory. This iconic sculpture, known as the Giraldillo, is a masterpiece that evokes the very essence of the city and its cultural heritage.

Contrary to what one might expect, the Giraldillo does not take its name from the Giralda; it's the other way around. This unassuming weathervane has the honor of bestowing its name upon the iconic tower. Why? Because the Giraldillo, with its graceful and elegant movement, indicates the direction in which the wind "blows," a phenomenon that has fascinated generations. This peculiarity captured the imagination of Sevillians, who, enthralled by its grace and utility, decided that the tower deserved to bear its name.

The figure of the Giraldillo is, at its core, a visual representation of the Christian faith. A pregnant woman, clad in a long tunic, holds a palm and a warrior's shield attached to a spear with a Christian cross. This imposing crowned helmet, coupled with the image of Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of war and wisdom, transports us to ancient times where mythology and religion intertwined fascinatingly.

The image of the pregnant woman not only symbolizes hope but also highlights the strength found in vulnerability. Her uncarved pupils emit an eternal gaze that seems to transcend time, reminding us that hope can be a beacon even in the darkest moments.

The placement of a palm in her left hand adds an additional layer of meaning. The palm, a symbol of victory, represents the triumph of the Catholic religion over the Muslim world. This detail, a tangible reminder of Seville's history, adds to the powerful message that the Giraldillo conveys.

Perched atop the Cathedral of Seville, on the ancient minaret that was once part of a mosque, the Giraldillo raises its majestic figure. This strategic position is not merely a matter of aesthetics; it is a tangible reminder of Christianity's victory over the past. The sculpture, with its unwavering gaze and firm posture, seems to defy time and proclaim the resilience of faith and hope.

In summary, the Giraldillo is not just a sculpture; it is a living symbol of faith overcoming adversities, hope flourishing in the darkest moments, and triumph emerging even from the deepest conflicts. It is an ode to the strength of the human spirit and an invitation to contemplate history from a perspective beyond words, becoming a profoundly emotional experience.

14.4.- DID YOU KNOW...?

Seville, with its rich history and charm, holds secrets and curiosities that often go unnoticed by visitors. On this journey through its streets, we will discover some fascinating curiosities that breathe life into this city.

1. The Altered Bench in Plaza de España
Plaza de España features 48 ceramic benches representing each of the Spanish provinces. However, here, you'll find an intriguing exception: the bench corresponding to Navarre was replaced with "Pamplona." This subtle yet significant alteration disrupts the alphabetical order and is a detail that doesn't escape the keen observer.

2. The Queen's Sewing Room
Legend has it that Queen María de las Mercedes, passionate about sewing, would spend her time on the first floor of the San Telmo Pavilion. While she embroidered, she eagerly awaited the arrival of her beloved, King Alfonso XII. According to the story, after their meeting in the Pavilion, the couple would ascend to the rooftop to enjoy the spectacular views of Seville and the warm sun. Despite the romantic tale that has persisted for years, the truth is that this idyllic moment never occurred. Queen María de las Mercedes, affectionately known as "Merceditas" in Seville, never got to see this impressive building, as she passed away shortly after her marriage to King Alfonso XII, while the building was constructed in 1893, a few years after her death.

3. The April Fair: An Imported Event
Despite being one of Seville's most iconic events, the April Fair was not the idea of the Sevillians. It was organized by two councilors, one Catalan and one Basque, in 1847. Over the years, this celebration has become one of the city's most popular festivals.

4. The Influence of the Torre de Oro in Cantabria
The iconic Torre de Oro (Golden Tower) in Seville is reflected in the coats of arms of the cities of Santander and Laredo in Cantabria. This tribute is due to the participation of Cantabrian sailors in the reconquest of Seville, demonstrating how historical events can forge unexpected connections between distant regions.

5. The Mysterious Lizard Gate in the Cathedral
Inside the majestic Cathedral of Seville, there is a door known as "the Lizard Gate." Resting on its ceiling is a preserved crocodile. The origin of this curiosity? It was a gift from the Sultan of Egypt to King Alfonso X in an attempt to court the monarch's daughter. This peculiar addition is a testament to the city's history filled with surprising anecdotes.

6. The Three Hands on Aníbal González's Statue
In the magnificent Plaza de España, a commemorative statue pays tribute to the architect Aníbal González, famous for his work on the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. What few notice are the three small hands carved into the statue's base, a symbolic gesture by the sculptors and architects who created it in honor of their newborn children.

7. The Chains Surrounding the Cathedral
Seville Cathedral is surrounded by metal chains symbolizing the boundary between the city's jurisdiction and that of the Church. These chains date back to a time when the Church had significant control over the city's everyday life and serve as a historical reminder in the urban landscape.

8. The Mill Wheels: More than Decorative Elements
The mill wheels on the facades of houses and buildings in Seville were not just decorative elements. They had a practical and protective function. In the 16th century, they were used to prevent the wear and tear of facades caused by the constant rubbing of carriages in the narrow streets of the city. These wheels not only serve as a reminder of history but also as an example of urban ingenuity in times past.

9. Roman Tombstones in the Giralda
Beneath the grandeur of the Giralda, two funerary tombstones of Roman soldiers from the 2nd century are used in its construction. These ancient and well-preserved tombstones transport us to Roman times and reflect Seville's rich history.

10. Hidden Underground Passageways
Beneath the streets of Seville, several secret underground passageways exist. While most are not accessible to the public, their mere existence piques the curiosity of those interested in the city's hidden history. Among these passageways are a Roman cistern, the Abades Street passage, and the Cueva de Hércules, which is now part of a hotel complex.

11. Orange Trees: Symbols of Happiness
The over 25.000 orange trees adorning Seville's streets not only add beauty to the city but also carry special significance. The tradition of planting orange trees originated from an Eastern belief that these trees brought happiness to their owners, a legacy that endures to this day.

12. Seville: A Port without the Sea
One of Seville's most notable curiosities is that, despite its inland location, it was the most important port in Europe in the 16th century for trade with the New World. This astonishing fact is attributed to Seville's connection to the Atlantic Ocean through the Guadalquivir River, facilitating trade with Spanish colonies in America.

13. The Alley of the Kiss
This narrow and peculiar street is Calle Don Reinoso, located right in the heart of the Santa Cruz neighborhood. It owes its nickname to a curious legend. The story goes that, due to its narrowness, the balconies were so close that owners could greet each other with two kisses when leaning out. Although it's uncertain if this explanation is true, the street has been forever baptized with this name. With a mere length of 50 meters, it connects Plaza de los Venerables to Lope de Rueda Street, ending right at the doors of Hotel Murillo. Calle Reinoso reaches its maximum narrowness at the upper part of the buildings. This peculiar layout is due to ancient reasons related to defense and shade in Sevilla's Jewish quarter. The tale of the "Alley of the Kiss" is a charming testament to the city's rich history.

14.3.- TAPEAR: A VERY SEVILLIAN TRADITION

When you think of Spanish cuisine, it's likely that tapas are one of the first things that come to mind. These small portions of culinary delights are a fundamental part of Spain's gastronomic culture, and in cities like Seville, they represent much more than just a meal; they are a social experience that allows you to enjoy the company of friends and family while exploring a variety of exquisite flavors.

What are tapas?
Tapas are small portions of food served in bars and restaurants throughout Spain. The word "tapa" is derived from the custom of covering a drink with a piece of bread or a slice of ham, originally designed to protect it from insects or dust. Over time, this practice evolved into a wide variety of small and delicious dishes that perfectly complement a drink.

How does the tapas ritual work in Seville?
Here in Seville, the ritual of tapas is simple but full of flavor:
- Choosing a place: In the city, you'll find an abundance of bars and restaurants offering tapas. Some places are known for their high-quality tapas, while in others, the beauty lies in the simplicity of traditional tapas.
- Ordering: When you arrive at a bar or restaurant, most of the time, when you order a drink, you will automatically receive a free tapa to accompany it. This is a common practice throughout Spain, although it may vary depending on the place and the drink.
- Choosing more tapas: If you want to try more varieties or have a specific craving, you can order additional tapas. Some places offer a tapas menu to choose from, while in others, tapas may be a surprise that delights you.
- Sharing: Going for tapas is a social experience. Sharing tapas with friends and family is an essential part of the tradition. This allows you to try a variety of different dishes and enjoy a diverse culinary experience.

Some popular tapas in Seville:
- Russian salad: A mix of potatoes, carrots, peas, tuna, boiled egg, and mayonnaise.
- Gazpacho: A cold soup made from tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and garlic.
- Patatas bravas: Fried potatoes covered with a spicy sauce.
- Montaditos: Small toasts with a variety of ingredients such as ham, cheese, anchovies, or salmon.
- Calamares a la romana: Fried squid in a crispy batter.
- Spinach with chickpeas: A combination of spinach, chickpeas, garlic, and cumin.

Tips for enjoying tapas in Seville:
- Explore different places: Try tapas at various bars to experience a variety of flavors.
- Ask about the daily specials: Some places have special tapas that change daily.
- Seek recommendations: Locals are an invaluable source of information about the best tapas places in the city.
- Don't rush: Going for tapas is a relaxed experience, so take your time to enjoy the food and company.

Some recommendations...

BODEGA SANTA CRUZ "LAS COLUMNAS" c/ Rodrigo Caro, 1

LA SACRISTÍA c/ Mateos Gago, 18

BODEGA BELMONTE c/ Mateos Gago, 24

EL PASAJE TAPAS  Pasaje de Vila, 8-10

OVEJAS NEGRAS c/ Hernando Colón, 8

EL PINTON c/ Francos, 2

BAR ESTRELLA c/ de la Estrella, 3

CASA MORALES c/ García de Vinuesa, 11

BODEGUITA ROMERO c/ Harinas, 10

CASA MANOLO Plaza de la Alfalfa, 3

EL RINCONCILLO c/ Gerona, 40

CASA ROBLES c/ Alvarez Quintero, 58

CAÑABOTA c/ Orfila, 1

3 DE ORO c/ Santa María La Blanca, 36

RIO GRANDE c/ Betis, 69

CASA MANOLO LEON c/ Guadalquivir, 12

In summary, going for tapas is a unique experience in Spain, and Seville is the perfect place to enjoy this culinary and social tradition. If you visit this charming city, be sure to try some of the delicious local tapas and immerse yourself in the culture and flavor it offers. Enjoy your meal!

14.2.- CONVENT SWEETS: A DELICIOUS GASTRONOMIC TRADITION WITH HISTORY

Convent sweets in Seville are authentic culinary treasures rooted in the city's rich history. These pastry products, traditionally crafted by nuns in Sevillian convents, represent an essential part of the local gastronomy and encapsulate centuries of tradition and flavor. Let's delve into the sweet world of this delightful tradition:

The history of Sevillian convent sweets dates back to the colonization of America in the 16th century. During that time, numerous religious orders established convents in the city, and the nuns, with great skill, began making sweets using local ingredients and traditional recipes that had arrived from the New World.

The essence of convent sweets lies in their artisanal preparation and the use of natural and local ingredients. Among the most emblematic recipes are "yemas de San Leandro," "amarguillos," almond pastries, "tortas de aceite," wine roscos, and "pestiños," each with its unique flavor and texture.

For generations, these sweets were exclusively sold within the convents, often through a clever system of a turntable or a small window where the nuns could interact with customers without being seen. This form of sale not only preserved the nuns' privacy but also constituted a significant source of income for the convents.

Convent sweets are a fundamental part of Seville's cultural heritage and are cherished by both Sevillians and visitors to the city. They often become popular gifts on special occasions and religious festivals, such as Holy Week, adding a touch of sweetness to the celebrations.

While you can still find these sweets in some Sevillian convents, increasing demand has led to their availability in specialized shops and local markets. This has allowed a broader audience to enjoy these culinary treasures.

The production of convent sweets remains an important activity for some religious communities in Seville. In addition to keeping the tradition alive, it also provides them with a means of livelihood, demonstrating the ongoing relevance of this centuries-old practice.

Convent sweets are a must-try for lovers of traditional Andalusian cuisine visiting Seville. Exploring these sweets is a unique way to immerse yourself in the history and culture of the city through your palate.

In summary, convent sweets in Seville are not only a delicious temptation but also a connection to the past and a showcase of the ingenuity and devotion of the nuns who craft them. These sweets are a unique way to taste the flavor of Seville's history and to keep alive a tradition that has withstood the test of time.

14.1.- WHAT DOES "NO8DO" MEAN?

The motto and logo "NO8DO" are iconic symbols of the City Council of Seville and the city itself. Its most common interpretation is "no-madeja-do," which is understood as "it has not abandoned me," in reference to the loyalty of the city of Seville to King Alfonso X the Wise during the war he waged against his son Sancho. This historical loyalty is a point of pride for the Sevillians and has become a symbol of identity for the city.

Despite this common interpretation, there are other theories about the origin of "NO8DO," but the version related to Alfonso X the Wise is the most widely accepted and recognized. The logo can be found on numerous buildings and iconic places in Seville and is an important symbol of its history and culture.

13.4 - ISLA MAGICA: EXPLORE HISTORICAL ADVENTURE IN SEVILLE

SCHEDULE
- Monday to Friday: from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
- Saturday and Sunday: from 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE                OPENING TIME

If you've ever dreamed of traveling back in time and experiencing the thrills of exploring America, then Isla Mágica is the perfect destination for you. This themed amusement park, located in the iconic Spain Pavilion on the Island of the Cartuja, transports you to an era filled with adventures, discoveries, and family fun.

Isla Mágica is situated in the heart of Seville, on the Island of the Cartuja, surrounded by the Guadalquivir River. This privileged location makes it accessible and convenient for city visitors, allowing you to enjoy a day filled with fun without venturing too far from the city center.

The park is set in the age of exploration and colonization of America by Spain. The different thematic areas take you on a journey through time, representing geographical regions and cultures of the era, such as America, Seville, Puerto de Indias, and the Amazon. It's like immersing yourself in history itself.

Isla Mágica offers a wide variety of attractions for all ages. From thrilling roller coasters like the Jaguar to exciting water rides like the Iguazú, there's adrenaline for every taste. Plus, pirate shows and live representations of the history of the exploration of America add a unique touch to your visit.

Don't miss the live shows that complement the park's historical theme. From exotic dances to theatrical performances, each show immerses you even further in the golden age of exploration.

Isla Mágica is also a gastronomic delight. The restaurants, cafes, and food stalls offer a variety of options ranging from fast food to regional dishes, so you can refuel during your visit.

This theme park is designed with all ages in mind. The little ones will enjoy play areas and entertainment, while the more adventurous can experience the thrill of the main attractions.

In addition to the main park, Isla Mágica has a water park called "Agua Mágica." Here, you can cool off in pools and slide down water slides on hot summer days.

Isla Mágica is a treasure in the heart of Seville, both for local residents and tourists visiting the city. It offers a unique experience that combines fun, entertainment, and a historical touch in a themed setting that evokes the exciting era of exploration and colonization of America. Get ready to embark on a magical adventure you'll never forget!

13.3.- AQUARIUM: DIVE INTO THE MARINE DEPTHS

        

OPENING HOURS
- Monday to Friday: from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
- Saturday and Sunday: from 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE

The Aquarium of Seville is located at Muelle de las Delicias, on Paseo de las Delicias. This location makes it accessible and convenient for visitors.

- Marine Biodiversity: The aquarium houses a wide variety of aquatic species, with approximately 7.000 specimens of around 400 different species distributed across 36 exhibition tanks.

- Thematic Zones: The aquarium is divided into five thematic zones: Guadalquivir, Atlantic, Amazon, Pacific, and Indo-Pacific. Each zone recreates specific marine habitats and allows visitors to explore marine life from different regions of the world.

- Deep Oceanarium: One of the main attractions of the aquarium is its "Oceanarium," which is the deepest shark tank on the Iberian Peninsula, with a depth of 9 meters and two million liters of water. In this tank, visitors can observe impressive species such as bull sharks and turtles.

- Interactive Exhibitions: The aquarium offers interactive and educational exhibitions that allow visitors to learn about marine biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems in an entertaining and educational way.

In addition to the permanent exhibitions, the Aquarium of Seville organizes educational activities and special events related to marine life and environmental conservation.

Many aquariums have a strong commitment to marine conservation and work on breeding and releasing endangered species, as well as research projects and environmental education.

The Aquarium of Seville is an ideal place to learn about the richness and diversity of the world's aquatic and marine ecosystems. It offers an educational and entertaining experience for visitors of all ages and is an exciting addition to the tourist landscape of Seville.

13.2 - SIGHTSEEING BUS: A CONVENIENT WAY TO EXPLORE THE CITY

        

HOURS
- Monday to Sunday: from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE

This tourist bus service in Seville offers you a convenient and flexible way to explore this beautiful city.

- Ticket Duration: You can choose between a 24 or 48-hour ticket to use the tourist bus. During this time, you can hop on and off at any of the stops along the route.

- Strategic Stops: The bus has 14 stops strategically distributed throughout the city, allowing you to visit key points of interest. Some notable stops include the Torre del Oro, Plaza de España, Triana, and more.

- Audio Commentary: The bus is equipped with audio guides available in 16 languages, providing you with information about the culture and history of Seville as you enjoy the sights.

- Walking Tours: With your 48-hour ticket, you can also join two guided walking tours. One will take you through the Triana neighborhood, famous for flamenco and ceramics, and the other will allow you to explore the Santa Cruz neighborhood.

- Included Tickets: The tourist bus ticket includes admission to various attractions, such as the Pabellón de la Navegación, the Church of El Salvador, the Hospital de la Caridad, and more.

- Accessibility: The buses have areas accessible for strollers and wheelchairs.

- Panoramic Views: The bus has an open-top deck, allowing you to enjoy panoramic views of monuments and points of interest as you travel through the city.

- Flexibility: You can customize your itinerary by hopping on and off at the stops you choose, allowing you to explore at your own pace.

- Discounts and Offers: The tourist bus ticket also includes discounts at various local attractions and restaurants, allowing you to make the most of your visit.

In summary, the Seville tourist bus provides you with a comfortable and comprehensive way to discover the charms of this city, with informative commentary, itinerary flexibility, and the option to enjoy guided walking tours and additional discounts at local attractions.

13.1.- TORRE DEL ORO CRUISE: A JOURNEY ALONG THE GUADALQUIVIR RIVER

        

SCHEDULE
- From Monday to Sunday: from 11:00 AM to 10:00 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE

This exciting cruise along the Guadalquivir River allows you to explore Seville from a unique and comfortable perspective.

- Duration: The cruise lasts approximately 1 hour and takes you along the Guadalquivir River, offering spectacular views of Seville's monuments and iconic places.

- Highlights: During the cruise, you can admire several bridges in the city, the pavilions from the 1929 and 1992 Universal Expositions, as well as other important monuments. An audio guide in multiple languages is also included to provide information about the points of interest along the route.

- Departure Point: The cruise departs from the pier located in front of the Torre del Oro on Marqués de Contadero, a historic site in Seville.

- Monuments and Places: Along the route, you'll see the Palace of San Telmo, the Maestranza Theater, the Cristina Gardens, the pavilions and monuments from the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929, the Island of Cartuja with the Navigation Pavilion and the Sevilla Tower, as well as the historic departure docks of Christopher Columbus, Juan Sebastián Elcano, and Magellan.

- Languages: The audio guide is available in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Hebrew, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish, Arabic, Greek, and Catalan.

- Includes: In addition to the river cruise, the experience also includes two 1-hour guided walking tours. These tours take you to explore the Santa Cruz and Triana neighborhoods in the company of a professional tour guide.

- Accessibility: The boats are accessible for baby strollers and wheelchairs, although it is recommended to confirm availability in advance.

This experience offers you the opportunity to discover the beauty and cultural richness of Seville from a unique perspective on the Guadalquivir River, complemented by two guided walking tours through the city's most emblematic neighborhoods.

12.3.- TABLAO FLAMENCO LAS SETAS

        

SHOWS
- From Monday to Sunday: at 6:00 PM and 8:30 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE

Las Setas Flamenco Tablao in Seville offers a unique and high-quality experience for flamenco enthusiasts and visitors interested in Andalusian culture.

Las Setas provides a high-quality experience in a distinguished and relaxed setting. The elegant decor and soft lighting create a romantic and intimate atmosphere that allows attendees to connect with the artists and flamenco music.

The show has been created by Sandra Guerrero "La Negra," a Sevillian dancer with extensive experience in the world of flamenco. The cast includes recognized artists and emerging talents, and the show encompasses a variety of flamenco "palos" (styles), providing a comprehensive experience of the richness of flamenco.

The show stands out for its impressive costumes, which complement the diversity of flamenco styles presented in the performance.

Attendees can enjoy signature cocktails with Andalusian flavors that incorporate Jerez wines, adding a unique sensory experience to the evening.

The tablao is located in the Metropol Parasol, also known as "Las Setas de Sevilla," in the Plaza de la Encarnación. This monument is one of the largest wooden structures in the world and features a museum called Antiquarium that displays historical archaeological remains.

Las Setas offers different types of tickets, ranging from general admission with the show and cocktail to premium tickets with front-row seats, a meet-and-greet with the artists, and options for Andalusian Iberian product tapas.

12.2.- FLAMENCO LA CASA DE LA MEMORIA

        

SCHEDULE
- Monday to Saturday: from 11:00 AM to 10:30 PM.
SHOWS
- Monday to Sunday: at 6:00 PM and at 7:30 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE

The Casa de la Memoria is a well-known cultural space dedicated to the promotion and preservation of the art of flamenco.

The Casa de la Memoria is located in the heart of the historic district, situated at 6 Cuna Street. Its central location makes it accessible for visitors who wish to experience flamenco in one of the city's most authentic settings.

It was established in 1999 with the purpose of creating a space dedicated to flamenco, one of Andalusia's most important cultural elements. The building that houses the Casa de la Memoria is an old 18th-century palace, which adds a historical character and charm to it.

It is a place where flamenco enthusiasts can enjoy live performances by renowned flamenco artists. It offers intimate and authentic shows in a cozy and traditional atmosphere. The performances include singing, dancing, and flamenco guitar and typically last for about an hour.

In addition to flamenco shows, the Casa de la Memoria also hosts exhibitions and cultural events related to flamenco and Andalusian culture. These activities complement the cultural experience provided by the space.

The Casa de la Memoria is dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the art of flamenco, both nationally and internationally. Through its activities, it contributes to keeping the rich tradition of flamenco alive and exposing it to a diverse audience.

To attend flamenco shows at the Casa de la Memoria, it is recommended to make reservations in advance due to demand. The venue usually offers daily performances and has specific schedules for the shows.

In summary, the Casa de la Memoria in Seville is an iconic cultural space dedicated to flamenco, one of the most emblematic forms of artistic expression in Andalusia. It offers high-quality performances in a historical and authentic environment, making it a must-visit for those who want to experience the passion and beauty of flamenco in Seville.

12.1.- MUSEO DEL BAILE FLAMENCO

        

MUSEUM HOURS
- Monday to Sunday: from 11:00 AM to 6:30 PM.
SHOWS
- Monday to Sunday: at 5:00 PM, at 7:00 PM, and at 8:45 PM.
TICKET PURCHASE

The Flamenco Dance Museum in Seville offers an exciting experience for flamenco enthusiasts and visitors looking to immerse themselves in Spanish culture.

- Location: The museum is situated in an 18th-century building surrounded by orange trees and built on the site of an ancient Roman temple, giving it a historic and authentic atmosphere. It is located at 3 Manuel Rojas Marcos Street.

- Live Show: During the show, you'll have the opportunity to admire the incredible skill and discipline of the dancers, as well as get lost in the thrilling rhythms performed by talented musicians.

- Intimate Atmosphere: The museum provides an intimate and authentic ambiance that is highly popular among both flamenco lovers and visitors looking to experience this traditional Spanish dance.

- Historic Stage: The performance takes place in the 18th-century courtyard of the museum, adding a historical and special touch to the experience.

- Diverse Repertoire: During the show, you can enjoy various forms of flamenco, such as the traditional Alegrías, accompanied by dresses with trains, shawls, and castanets.

- Special Choreography: The show is specially choreographed by the legendary flamenco dancer and founder of the museum, Cristina Hoyos, ensuring an authentic and thrilling experience.

- Live Music: Live music is an integral part of the show, and it is performed in an environment with dramatic theatrical lighting, creating a unique atmosphere.

- Unique Stage: The stage features hanging chairs and orange trees, creating a charming and picturesque setting.

- Ticket Options: In addition to the live performance, the museum offers tickets that include a visit to the Flamenco Dance Museum itself, giving you the opportunity to learn more about the history and evolution of this passionate art.

In summary, an evening at the Flamenco Dance Museum in Seville promises to be an unforgettable experience where you can immerse yourself in the culture and passion of flamenco in an authentic and charming environment.

11.2.- APRIL FAIR: CELEBRATION, TRADITION, AND FLAMENCO

The April Fair of Seville is one of the most iconic and colorful festivals in Spain. This celebration takes place approximately two weeks after Holy Week and is one of the most important festivities in the city and throughout Andalusia.

The April Fair has its roots in a livestock fair held in the Prado de San Sebastián in 1847. Over time, the fair evolved into a festive and socially significant event.

The April Fair typically begins two weeks after Holy Week, although the exact dates vary each year. It lasts approximately one week, although there may be related events before and after the official dates.

The fair is held in the fairground known as the "Real de la Feria," located in the Los Remedios neighborhood, south of the Guadalquivir River in Seville.

Key concepts to highlight:

- Casetas: One of the highlights of the April Fair is the "casetas," which are small houses or pavilions decorated in traditional Andalusian style. These casetas are owned by families, brotherhoods, companies, and organizations and serve as gathering places during the fair. Some casetas are private, while others are public and open to all visitors.

- Flamenco Dresses: Both women and men typically dress in traditional attire for the occasion. Women wear "trajes de flamenca," which are colorful dresses often adorned with ruffles and polka dots, while men may wear "trajes de corto" or "trajes de gitano."

- Dance and Music: Flamenco is a fundamental part of the April Fair. Casetas often feature live music, with flamenco artists and sevillanas groups, and people dance sevillanas and rumbas late into the night.

- Gastronomy: Food is an essential element of the fair. Typical dishes include "pescaíto frito" (fried fish), Iberian ham, tortillas, gazpacho, and many other Andalusian delights. Wines and typical drinks like "manzanilla" are also served.

The conclusion of the fair culminates with the "Noche del Fuego" (Night of Fire), an impressive fireworks display that lights up the sky over Seville for about 20 minutes.

The April Fair is known for its festive and joyful atmosphere. The city comes to life with people enjoying music, food, drinks, and dance.

The April Fair of Seville is a unique celebration that reflects the rich culture and traditions of Andalusia. If you have the opportunity to visit Seville during this festival, you will experience the joy, music, and passion of one of Spain's most famous fairs.